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1.
Semina cienc. biol. saude ; 42(2): 179-186, jun./dez. 2021. Ilus, Tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1293120

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: comparar o crescimento pondo-estatural dos lactentes aos seis meses de vida em aleitamento materno exclusivo e aleitamento complementar ou misto. Método: estudo transversal, com 38 mães e lactentes entre o quinto e o sexto mês de vida, cuja coleta de dados ocorreu em unidades de saúde de um município no Oeste do estado do Paraná, Brasil. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva. Resultados: a prevalência do aleitamento materno exclusivo foi de 21% (n=8) da amostra. As variáveis antropométricas (peso, altura e perímetro cefálico - PC) dos lactentes em aleitamento materno exclusivo apresentaram médias inferiores àqueles em aleitamento materno predominante e/ou com uso de fórmula. Conclusão: o crescimento pondo-estatural dos lactentes aos seis meses de vida em aleitamento materno exclusivo e em aleitamento complementar ou misto estava dentro do esperado para a idade. Contudo, evidenciou-se baixa prevalência de aleitamento materno exclusivo. Palavras-chave: Aleitamento materno; Alimentação artificial; Desmame precoce; Crescimento; Lactente.


Objective: compare the weight-height growth of the infants at six months of life in exclusive breastfeeding and complementary or mixed breastfeeding. Method: transversal study, with 38 mothers and infants between the fifth and the sixty months of life, whose data collect occurred in primary health care units of a city in the West of the state of Paraná, Brazil. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics. Results: the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was of 21% (n=8) of the sample. The anthropometrics variables (weight, height and head circumference - HC) of the infants in exclusive breastfeeding show lower averages to those in predominant breastfeeding and/or with use of formula. Conclusion: the weight-height growth of the infants at six months of life in exclusive breastfeeding and in complementary or mixed breastfeeding was inside of the expected for age. However, was evidenced low prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding.


Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Weaning , Bottle Feeding , Breast Feeding , Growth , Infant
2.
Nursing (Ed. bras., Impr.) ; 24(274): 5401-5418, mar.2021.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1223449

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: compreender a importância do aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) e identificar os fatores que dificultam esse processo. Método: trata-se de uma revisão sistemática. As bases de dados consultadas foram a Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências de Saúde, a Base de Dados Bibliográficos Especializada na Área de Enfermagem, a Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online e a Scientific Electronic Library Online. Resultados: a pesquisa resultou em 28 artigos, dos quais 11 atendiam a este estudo. A maioria dos fatores encontrados nos resultados (5) apresentou como fator de risco o uso de mamadeiras, a alimentação complementar e as chupetas; seguidos do grau de escolaridade das mães e de fatores socioeconômicos (4); do estado emocional das mães, do tipo de parto, de mães que trabalham fora e da falta de preparo dos profissionais (3). Outros fatores apareceram em menor ocorrência. Conclusão: o êxito do AME se faz com uma abordagem holística e efetiva dos profissionais de Enfermagem em todas as etapas da gestação: a concepção, o pré-natal e o puerpério.(AU)


Objective: To comprehend the importance of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and identify factors that hinder this process. Methods: This is a systematic review. The databases used were the Latin American & Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, the Bibliographic Database Specialized in Nursing, the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, and the Scientific Electronic Library Online. Results: The search produced 28 papers and 11 of them matched the objectives of this study. Most factors found in the results (5) showed risk, such as the use of feeding-bottles, complementary feeding and pacifiers. They were followed by the mothers' education levels and socioeconomic factors (4). After those were the mothers' emotional states, the type of delivery, the mothers working outside the home and the lack of preparation of the professionals (3). Other factors were present in smaller number of occurrences. Conclusion: The success of EBF is achieved through a holistic and effective approach of the nursing professionals in every pregnancy stage: conception, prenatal and puerperium.(AU)


Objetivo: comprender la importancia de la lactancia materna exclusiva (LME) e identificar los factores que dificultan este proceso. Método: consistió enconsultas y en una revisión sistemáticade bases de datos como: Literatura Latinoamericana y Caribeña en Ciencias de la Salud, Base Bibliográficade Datos Especializados en el Área de Enfermería, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online y Scientific Electronic Library Online. Resultados: la investigación descubrió 28 artículos, entro loscuales 11 se conformaban con los objetivosde este estudio. La mayoría (5) presentó, en cuanto factor de riesgo, el uso de biberones, complementos y chupetes; A continuación, apareció el grado de escolaridad de las madres y factores socioeconómicos (4); Por último, el estado emocional de las madres, la clase de parto, madres que trabajan fuera del hogar y la falta de preparación de los profesionales(3). Hay otros factores apuntados queson menos frecuentes. Conclusión: el éxito de la LME se logra bajo el abordaje holístico y efectivo de los profesionales de enfermería en todas las etapas del embarazo: concepción, prenatal y puerperio.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Prenatal Care , Bottle Feeding , Breast Feeding , Risk Factors , Milk, Human , Socioeconomic Factors , Postpartum Period
3.
Int. j. med. surg. sci. (Print) ; 7(4): 1-13, dic. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1151704

ABSTRACT

Breastfeeding can be affected in babies with cleft palate, due to various factors associated with feeding. The objective of the study was to relate the time of breastfeeding and the time to express breast milk with factors associated with feeding in babies between 0 and 6 months with cleft palate. Electronic records of care of 36 babies with cleft palate from a public hospital in Chile were reviewed. Sociodemographic characteristics of the mother and father, perinatal and postnatal antecedents of the babies and general characteristics of feeding up to 6 months were extracted. The data were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test and relationships were established with the Pearson and Spearman correlations. In the time of direct breastfeeding (days), significant differences were observed in: the babies who used a nasogastric tube (p = 0.009), the indication to express breast milk (p = 0.017), the presence of manual extraction of breast milk (p = 0.005) and the presence of electrical extraction of breast milk (p = 0.002). In addition, a positive correlation (p = <.001; r = 0.538) was recorded between the time of direct breastfeeding and the time of expressed breast milk. It is concluded that the longer the breastfeeding time, the longer the breast milk extraction time. Meanwhile, the time of breastfeeding was influenced by the use of a nasogastric tube, the expression of breast milk as a personal option, and the manual and electrical expression of breast milk.


La lactancia materna puede afectarse en bebés con fisura de paladar, debido a diversos factores asociados a la alimentación. El objetivo del estudio fue relacionar el tiempo de lactancia materna y el tiempo de extracción de leche materna con factores asociados a la alimentación en bebés de entre 0 y 6 meses portadores de fisura de paladar. Se revisaron registros electrónicos de atenciones de 36 bebés portadores de fisura de paladar de un hospital público de Chile. Fueron extraídas características sociodemográficas de la madre y padre, antecedentes perinatales y postnatales de los bebés y características generales de la alimentación hasta los 6 meses. Se compararon los datos con el Test de la U de Mann-Whitney y se establecieron relaciones con las correlaciones de Pearson y Spearman. En el tiempo de lactancia materna directa (días) se observaron diferencias significativas en: los bebés que utilizaron sonda nasogástrica (p = 0.009), la indicación de extracción de leche materna (p = 0.017), la presencia de extracción manual de leche materna (p = 0.005) y la presencia de extracción eléctrica de leche materna (p = 0.002). Además, se registró una correlación positiva (p = < .001; r = 0.538) entre el tiempo de lactancia materna directa y el tiempo de leche materna extraída. Se concluye que a mayor tiempo de lactancia materna existe un mayor tiempo de extracción de leche materna. En tanto, el tiempo de lactancia materna fue influenciado por el uso de sonda nasogástrica, la extracción de leche materna como opción personal y la extracción de leche materna de manera manual y eléctrica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Breast Feeding , Cleft Palate/epidemiology , Bottle Feeding , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Breast Milk Expression
4.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 25: e2274, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1131781

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Atualizar e avaliar o conteúdo referente às funções orofaciais do Portal dos Bebês da área da Fonoaudiologia. Métodos O estudo envolveu três etapas: reestruturação e atualização da seção das funções orofaciais do Portal dos Bebês, por meio de revisão bibliográfica; análise de legibilidade do novo conteúdo, por meio do Índice de Facilidade de Leitura Flesch; avaliação das seções a partir da aplicação de questionários em dois grupos de participantes: grupo A, composto por 15 fonoaudiólogos, e grupo B, composto por dez pais/cuidadores de crianças. Resultados Foi inserida uma nova seção no website Portal dos Bebês, pertencente ao tópico Funções Orofaciais, denominada Teste da Linguinha, subdividida em cinco subseções. Além disso, o conteúdo existente foi revisado e alterações condizentes com a literatura atual foram realizadas. A avaliação da legibilidade indicou o nível instrucional mínimo exigido do ensino fundamental para a compreensão do conteúdo. O grupo A considerou o conteúdo "ótimo", além de boa avaliação para os quesitos "propriedade", "classificação do propósito", "autoria", "qualificação do autor", "atribuição", "interatividade" e "atualizações" do website. Na avaliação realizada pelo grupo B, 64% dos participantes, revelaram que o conteúdo "ajudou muito" na aquisição de conhecimentos da área, além de apresentar aumento da porcentagem de acertos após o acesso ao website. Conclusão O conteúdo referente a Funções Orofaciais do Portal dos Bebês foi atualizado e na avaliação por ambos os grupos foi possível observar resultados positivos em relação a todos os aspectos avaliados.


ABSTRACT Purpose To update and evaluate of the contents regarding Orofacial Functions of the website Babies Portal of Speech-Language Pathology area. Methods The study involved three steps: restructuring and updating of the orofacial functions section of the Website Babies Portal, through bibliographic review; readability analysis of the new content, through the Flesch Reading Facility Index; and the sections evaluation from the application of questionnaires in two groups: group A was composed of 15 speech therapists and group B was composed of 10 parents/caregivers of children. Results A new section was inserted in the Portal, in orofacial functions topics, denominated "Neonatal Tongue Screening Test" subdivided into five other subsections. In addition, the existing content was reviewed and changes consistent with the current literature were performed. The readability assessment indicated the minimum instructional level required of elementary school for the understanding of content. Group A considered the content to be "excellent", as well as a good evaluation for the "property", "purpose classification", "authority", "author qualification", "attribution", "interactivity" and "updates". In the evaluation carried out by group B, 64% revealed that the content "helped a lot" in the acquisition of knowledge, in addition to increasing the percentage of hits after accessing the website. Conclusion The content related to Orofacial Functions of the Website Babies Portal was updated and in the evaluation by both groups, it was possible to observe positive results, in relation to all aspects evaluated.


Subject(s)
Parents , Computer Communication Networks , Stomatognathic System , Caregivers , Access to Information , Sucking Behavior , Breast Feeding , Child Language , Dentistry , Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences , Internet Access , Language Development , Lingual Frenum , Mastication
5.
Rev. Bras. Saúde Mater. Infant. (Online) ; 20(4): 945-953, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1155290

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: to determine the prevalence and analyze the factors associated with newborns drinking tea in a birth cohort. Methods: A cross-sectional study with nested prospective cohort was conduct with 329 puerperal women and their newborns in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. Sociodemographic and information about the newborn's diet and mothers/babies was obtained at a maternity and 30 days after birth, at home visits. The prevalence ratios (PR) and its respective confidence intervals (CI95%) were estimated with Poisson regression models according to the hierarchical conceptual model. Results: the prevalence of tea consumption up to 30 days of life was 34.6% (CI95%=29.7; 40.0%). The sociodemographic and maternal characteristics associated with the outcome were not having a partner (PR = 1.39; CI95%=1.03-1.88), more than eight years of schooling (PR=1.38; CI95%=1.03-1.84), lower income (PR=2.21; CI95%=1.31-3.73), primiparous (PR=1.48; CI95%=1.01-2.17) and does not have any experience with breastfeeding before (PR=2.25; CI95%=1.48-3.41). As for the child, there was a higher prevalence of tea consumption than among those who received artificial milk in the first month of life (PR= 2.10; CI95%=1.62-2.73). Conclusions: the offer of tea in the first month of life was high. Tea consumption was positively associated with sociodemographic, maternal and newborn feeding factors.


Resumo Objetivos: determinar a prevalência e analisar fatores associados ao uso de chá em recém-nascidos em uma coorte de nascimento. Métodos: estudo transversal aninhado a uma coorte prospectiva conduzida em 329 puérperas e recém-nascidos em Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. Informações sociodemográficas, relativas à alimentação do recém-nascido e relacionadas aos pares mães-bebês foram obtidas na maternidade e aos 30 dias de nascimento, durante visita domiciliar. As razões de prevalência (RP) e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança (IC95%) foram estimados em modelos de regressão de Poisson conforme modelo conceitual hierárquico. Resultados: a prevalência do uso de chá até os 30 dias de vida foi de 34,6% (IC95%=29,7; 40,0%). As características sociodemográficas e maternas associadas ao desfecho foram não possuir companheiro (RP = 1,39; IC95%= 1,03-1,88), ter até oito anos de estudo (RP=1,38; IC95%= 1,03-1,84), menor renda (RP = 2,21; IC95%= 1,31-3,73), ser primípara (RP=1,48; IC95%= 1,01-2,17) e não possuir experiência anterior com amamentação (RP=2,25; IC95%= 1,48-3,41). Quanto à criança, houve maior prevalência de uso de chá entre as que receberam leite artificial no primeiro mês de vida (RP = 2,10; IC95%=1,62-2,73). Conclusões: a oferta do chá no primeiro mês de vida foi elevada. O uso do chá associou-se positivamente a fatores sociodemográficos, maternos e da alimentação do recém-nascido.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Socioeconomic Factors , Prevalence , Postpartum Period , Infant Nutrition , Teas, Herbal/adverse effects , Teas, Herbal/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , House Calls , Maternal Behavior
6.
Rev. Pesqui. (Univ. Fed. Estado Rio J., Online) ; 10(2): 406-412, abr.-jun. 2018. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-908458

ABSTRACT

Objective: to identify the frequency that the hospitalized infant is underwent gastric/jejunal tube and analyze the reasons that lead to the tube loss during hospitalization. Method: Quantitative study approach that had the sample of 61 infants. Data were analyzed by determining the frequency values and their 95% confidence intervals. Results: It appears that the incidence of gastric enteral tube loss is relatively high, considering that 25 infants were underwent tube reposition between two to eight times, configuring 98 tube withdrawal procedures/ loss during the study period. The main reason for the loss was accidental with 44.9%, 11.2% occurred due to unknown causes and 8.2% for obstruction. Conclusion: Data indicate the importance of frequent qualification of health professionals in order to reduce the impact and stress which occurs in the infant and his companion, during the procedure.


Objetivo: trata-se de um estudo que tem como objetivo identificar a frequência que o lactente internado é submetido à sondagem gástrica/ jejunal e analisar os motivos que levam a perda da sonda durante a hospitalização. Método: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa que teve a amostra de 61 lactentes. Os dados foram analisados determinando os valores de frequência. Resultados: Verifica-se que a incidência de perda da sondagem enteral é relativamente alta, tendo em vista que 25 lactentes foram submetidos ao reposicionamento da sonda entre duas e oito vezes, configurando-se em 98 procedimentos da perda da sonda durante o período do estudo. O principal motivo de perda foi a acidental, com 44,9%, 11,2% ocorreram por causa ignorada e 8,2% por obstrução. Conclusão: Os dados apontam para importância da qualificação frequente dos profissionais de saúde com o intuito de reduzir o impacto e estresse que ocasiona no lactente e seu acompanhante, durante o procedimento.


Objetivo: se trata de un estudio que tiene como objetivo identificar la frecuencia que el niño hospitalizado es sometió al tubo gástrico / jejunal y analizar los motivos que conducen a la pérdida del tubo durante la hospitalización. Métodos: Estudio de abordaje cuantitativo que tuvo la muestra de 61 lactantes. Los datos fueron analizados determinando los valores de frecuencia y sus intervalos de confianza del 95 %. Resultados: Se verifica que el frecuencia de la pérdida de tubo gastrointestinal es relativamente alto, considerando que 25 niños fueron sometidos a la nueva posición de tubo entre dos a ocho veces, configurando 98 procedimientos de retirada/pérdida de tubo durante el período de estudio. La razón principal de la pérdida era casual, el 44.9 %, el 11.2 % ocurrió debido a causas desconocidas y el 8.2 % para la obstrucción. Conclusión: Los datos indican la importancia de la calificación frecuente de profesionales de salud a fin de reducir el impacto y el estrés que ocurre en el niño y su acompañante, durante el procedimiento.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Infant , Enteral Nutrition/adverse effects , Enteral Nutrition/methods , Enteral Nutrition/nursing , Pediatric Nursing , Brazil
7.
Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing ; (36): 727-730, 2018.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-697082

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate the changes of serum immunoglobulin IgG in peripheral blood of infants aged 0-6 months,and to compare the effects of breast feeding and artificial feeding on the immune function of infants. Methods A total of 90 neonates born from January 2016 to December 2016 were divided into three groups: breast feeding group, mixed feeding group and artificial feeding group. There were 30 newborns in each group.Peripheral blood samples were collected at postnatal 1 d,3 d,7 d, 14 d, 42 d, 3 months and 6 months respectively. Serum levels of IgG were determined by radioimmunoassay, and the contents of each group were compared. T lymphocyte subsets(CD3+, CD4+, CD8+)in peripheral blood at postnatal 6 months were detected. Results The content of IgG in serum of neonatal decreased gradually with the increase of postnatal days.The serum IgG content at postnatal 14 d in the breast feeding group, the mixed feeding group and the artificial feeding group was (95.14 ± 4.55), (90.89±4.35),(91.74±4.19)mg/L respectively,and the breast feeding group was significantly higher than the other two groups,the difference among the groups was statistically significant(F=7.965,P<0.05).The CD8+T lymphocyte cells in the breast feeding group, the mixed feeding group and the artificial feeding group was 0.389 4±0.060 1,0.294 2±0.062 6,0.308 4±0.071 6 respectively,and the breast feeding group was significantly higher than the mixed feeding group and the artificial feeding group,and the difference among the groups was statistically significant(F=4.941,P<0.05).Conclusions Breast feeding can reduce the serum IgG content of infant consumption,slowing the pace of decline,effectively improve the infant's own ability to synthesize IgG,so as to improve infant immunity,promote their healthy growth,it is worthy of clinical application.

8.
Rev. paul. pediatr ; 35(1): 39-45, jan.-mar. 2017. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-845727

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a relação entre hábitos e atitudes de mães com os tipos de leite oferecidos para seus filhos nos dois primeiros anos de vida. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo incluindo 773 entrevistas de mães de 11 cidades brasileiras com filhos com até 2 anos de idade. Foram analisadas as seguintes informações: tipo de aleitamento que planejava enquanto estava na gestação e o efetivamente realizado após o nascimento; tipo(s) de leite(s) utilizado(s) no dia da entrevista e anteriormente; idade de introdução do leite de vaca integral; e origem das recomendações para usar determinado tipo de leite. Resultados: O leite materno era oferecido para 81,7% dos lactentes no primeiro semestre de vida, 52,2% no segundo semestre (p<0,001) e 32,9% no segundo ano de vida (p<0,001). Por sua vez, o consumo de leite de vaca integral aumentou de 31,1 para 83,8% (p<0,001) e 98,7% (p=0,05), respectivamente, nestas três faixas etárias. Fórmula de partida (15,0%) e de seguimento (2,3%) eram utilizadas por um número de lactentes muito menor em relação aos que recebiam leite de vaca integral. A maioria das mães não recebeu prescrição de leite de vaca integral. Os pediatras foram os profissionais da área da saúde que mais frequentemente recomendaram fórmula infantil. Conclusão: As taxas de aleitamento natural no Brasil continuam abaixo das recomendações. As mães brasileiras, com frequência, decidem oferecer leite de vaca integral por iniciativa própria. É muito baixa a utilização de fórmula infantil quando o aleitamento natural é interrompido.


ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the relationship between habits and attitudes of mothers and the types of milk offered to their children in their first two years of life. Methods: Retrospective study including 773 interviews of mothers from 11 Brazilian cities with children under 2 years of age. Interviews were conducted in 11 cities of Brazil. The following factors were analyzed: breastfeeding method planned during pregnancy and the method actually applied after birth; type(s) of milk(s) used on the day of the interview and earlier; age at which the child was introduced to whole milk; and source of advice used to choose a certain type of milk. Results: Breast milk was offered to 81.7% of infants during their first six months of life, to 52.2% of infants during their second semester (p<0.001) and to 32.9% of infants during their second year of life (p<0.001). In contrast, cow’s milk consumption increased from 31.1 to 83.8% (p<0.001) and 98.7% (p=0.05), respectively, for these three age groups. Infant (15.0%) and follow-on (also known as toddler’s) (2.3%) formulas were used by a much smaller number of infants than whole cow’s milk. Most mothers were not prescribed whole cow’s milk. Pediatricians were the health care professionals who most often recommended infant formulas. Conclusions: Rates of breastfeeding in Brazil remain below recommended levels. Brazilian mothers often decide to feed their infants with whole cow’s milk on their own initiative. The use of infant formulas after weaning is still too low.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Adult , Young Adult , Breast Feeding/statistics & numerical data , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Infant Formula/statistics & numerical data , Mothers/psychology , Urban Population , Brazil , Retrospective Studies , Feeding Behavior
9.
Temas psicol. (Online) ; 24(3): 1027-1038, set. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-791984

ABSTRACT

Apesar do incentivo da Organização Mundial da Saúde para garantir a amamentação, há contraindicações que podem torná-la temporária ou inviável. Considerando-se os esforços dos órgãos públicos brasileiros para atendimento desta meta, buscou-se no presente artigo: (a) analisar em documentos oficiais do Ministério da Saúde e secretarias estaduais do Brasil, informações importantes sobre o aleitamento natural e artificial; (b) identificar em que medida os documentos disponíveis apresentam informações a mães que amamentam e mães que oferecem aleitamento artificial. Selecionou-se onze manuais nacionais e oito estaduais, publicados de 2007 a 2013, a partir dos endereços eletrônicos das secretarias de saúde, nacionais e estaduais do Brasil. A maioria dos estados referendou os documentos já disponíveis no Ministério da Saúde. Em todos houve grande enfoque quanto aos benefícios da amamentação exclusiva até o sexto mês de vida. Outras informações atenderam também ao critério de alimentação complementar, atendimento à nutriz por profissionais da saúde, divulgação de programas em prol da amamentação, direitos das mães e características culturais e étnicas. As informações sobre aleitamento artificiais limitam-se ao relato de contraindicações para o mesmo.


Despite the encouragement of the World Health Organization to ensure breastfeeding, there are contraindications that may make it temporarily or unfeasible. Considering the efforts of Brazilian public agencies to meet this goal, we sought to in this paper intends to (a) analyze official documents of the Ministry of Health and State Departments in Brazil, relevant information on natural and artificial feeding; (b) identify in what measure available documents present information to breastfeeding mothers and to mothers that provide artificial feeding. Eleven national manuals and eight state was selected, published from 2007 to 2013, from the online addresses of Health Departments at the national and State levels in Brazil. In all of there was a great emphasis on the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding until the sixth month of life. Other pieces of information refer to the criterion of complementary feeding, care for the mother provided by healthcare professionals, dissemination of pro breastfeeding programs, rights of the mothers and cultural and ethnic features. Information on artificial feeding is limited to report contraindications to it.


A pesar del estímulo de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para garantizar la lactancia materna, hay contraindicaciones que pueden hacer que sea de forma temporal o inviable. Teniendo en cuenta los esfuerzos de los organismos públicos brasileños para cumplir con este objetivo, hemos tratado en este artículo: (a) analizar documentos del Ministerio de Sanidad y de secretarias estaduales de Brasil, informaciones sobre lactancia materna natural y artificial; (b) identificar en que medida los documentos presentan informaciones a madres lactantes y madres que ofrecen lactancia artificial. Fueron seleccionados once manuales nacionales y ocho estaduales, en el periodo de 2007 a 2013, a partir de las direcciones electrónicas de las secretarias de sanidad, nacionales y estaduales de Brasil. La mayoría de les Estados refrendó los documentos del Ministerio de Sanidad. En los manuales nacionales y estaduales fueron destacados los beneficios de la lactancia materna exclusiva hasta el sexto mes de vida. Otras informaciones se ocuparon del criterio de alimentación complementaria y de los cuidados a la madre por los profesionales sanitarios, divulgación de programas a favor de la lactancia, derechos de la madre y características culturales y étnicas. Las informaciones sobre lactancia artificial se limitan al relato de sus contraindicaciones.

10.
CoDAS ; 26(1): 81-86, 02/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-705327

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To compare the swallowing performance of premature infants using a cup and a bottle during the first offer of food by mouth. Methods: This study was carried out with preterm newborns who presented low weight at birth and no neurological illnesses, genetic syndromes or congenital malformations. The newborns were assessed by videofluoroscopy while using a cup and a bottle, when they reached a post-conceptual age of ≥34 weeks, weight ≥ 1,500 g and showed signs of readiness for oral feeding. All children were fed exclusively by gavage during the period prior to the study. Results: This study included 20 preterm newborns, with average birth weight of 1,356 g and gestational age of 31.3 weeks. The majority of the bottle-fed newborns (68%) presented strong and rhythmic suction and 63% showed good sucking/swallowing/breathing coordination. The same percentage of newborns fed by cup (68%) could not perform the sipping movement and only 32% could suck a minimal amount of liquid contrast. There were no signs of laryngeal penetration and tracheal aspiration in both procedures. Conclusion: At the first oral feeding, preterm newborns showed better swallowing performance with a bottle in comparison to using a cup. .


Objetivo: Comparar o desempenho da deglutição com uso de copo e mamadeira em prematuros, na primeira oferta do alimento por via oral. Métodos: Estudo em prematuros de muito baixo peso ao nascer, sem comprometimento neurológico, síndromes genéticas ou malformações congênitas. Os recém-nascidos foram avaliados por meio da videofluoroscopia, com uso de copo e mamadeira, quando atingiram idade corrigida ≥34 semanas, peso ≥1.500 g e apresentavam indicação de iniciar alimentação por via oral. Todos receberam alimentação exclusivamente por gavagem no período prévio ao estudo. Resultados: Foram avaliados 20 prematuros, com peso médio de 1.356 g e idade gestacional ao nascimento de 31,3 semanas. Grande parte dos recém-nascidos alimentados por mamadeira (68%) apresentou sucção forte e com ritmo e 63% mostraram boa coordenação das funções sucção/deglutição/respiração. A mesma porcentagem de recém-nascidos alimentados pelo copo (68%) não realizou o movimento de sorver e apenas 32% sorveram quantidades mínimas de contraste líquido. Não foram observados sinais de penetração laríngea e aspiração traqueal em ambos os procedimentos. Conclusão: Na primeira oferta de alimento por via oral, recém-nascidos prematuros apresentaram melhor desempenho na deglutição com o uso da mamadeira em relação ao copo. .


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Bottle Feeding/methods , Deglutition/physiology , Infant, Premature/physiology , Sucking Behavior/physiology , Breast Feeding , Cross-Sectional Studies , Respiration
11.
Temas desenvolv ; 19(104): 73-76, jan.-mar. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-753338

ABSTRACT

Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar a utilização do copo Suzana® ao copo descartável e identificar a eficácia de ambos durante o oferecimento da dieta a lactentes. Participaram do estudo 20 lactentes a termo, ambos os gêneros, com até cinco dias de vida, em alojamento conjunto de um Hospital Maternidade filantrópico. Os lactentes receberam um babador de tecido que foi pesado antes e após o oferecimento da dieta com cada copo; a alimentação foi filmada e as informações obtidas foram anotadas em um Protocolo de Observação. Pôde-se observar, diante dos dados coletados, que o copo Suzana® foi mai favorável a alimentação dos lactentes, pois com ele o escape de leite foi menor, não ocorreram engasgos ou aspirações, os sinais de estresse apresentados pelos bebês foram reduzidos, o lábio inferior se manteve evertido e o superior livre em todos os lactentes e a dificuldade de oferta com o copo Suzana® foi muito inferior se comparado ao corpo descartável. Concluiu-se, portanto, que o copo Suzana® foi mais favorável ao lactente que necessitou de tal método quando comparado ao uso do copo descartável, utilizado largamente nos hospitais em todo o Brasil.


The objective of this study was to compare the use of the Suzana® cup with a disposable cup and identify the efficacy of both methods during infant feeding. A group of 20 full-term male and female newborns up to five days old who stayed in their mother´s room in a philanthropic maternity hospital participate in the study. The infants received a cloth bib that was weighed before and after cup feeding. Feeding was filmed and data were recorded in an Observation Protocol. Data indicated that the Suzana® cup was better adapted for infant feeding because less milk escaped, there were no incidences of choking or aspiration, there were fewer signs of stress, the lower lip was everted and the upper lip free in all infants in this group, and the difficulty in use was much less that with the disposable cup. It was concluded, therefore, that for infants in need of cup feeding the Suzana® cup is preferable than disposable cups, which are widely used in hospitals throughout Brazil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Nutritional Support , Infant
12.
Ciênc. rural ; 41(10): 1838-1843, out. 2011. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-601946

ABSTRACT

A cria ensacada brasileira é uma das piores enfermidades de abelhas Apis mellifera L. africanizadas, principalmente do Sudeste do Brasil. Ela afeta o desenvolvimento das larvas, após serem alimentadas pelas abelhas nutrizes com o pólen do barbatimão (Stryphnodendron polyphyllum e Stryphnodendron adstringens), ocasionando a morte entre os estágios de pré-pupa e pupa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito do substituto de pólen na redução da mortalidade da cria ensacada brasileira durante o florescimento do Stryphnodendron adstringens. Foram utilizados dois tratamentos: as colmeias do tratamento 1 receberam semanalmente substituto de pólen (mistura de farinha de soja, fubá e farinha de trigo em proporções iguais). As colmeias do tratamento 2 não receberam o substituto de pólen, tendo como único alimento o pólen que encontravam na natureza. As colmeias alimentadas apresentaram diferença significativa de 93,5 por cento de viabilidade de sobrevivência de cria em relação às não alimentadas, que apresentaram 80,4 por cento de sobrevivência. A frequência de pólen S. adstringens nos coletores de pólen, no tratamento 1, foi 0,21. Entretanto, no Tratamento 2, foi de 4,38, indicando que as colmeias que não se alimentaram com o substituto apresentaram maior frequência do pólen dessa planta, quando comparadas com as que dispunham da dieta artificial. Esse manejo sugere que a oferta do substituto de pólen, antes e durante a florada do Stryphnodendron adstringens, é importante na redução dos efeitos da cria ensacada brasileira em enxames de abelhas africanizadas.


Brazilian sac brood is one of the worst diseases of Apis mellifera L. mainly in southeast Brazil. This disease affects the larval development after having been fed with "barbatimão" pollen (Stryphnodendron polyphyllum and Stryphnodendron adstringens); the workers become intoxicated and die between the prepupae and pupae stages. This study verified the effect of pollen substitute on the reduction of Apis mellifera L. mortality, caused by Brazilian sac brood during Stryphnodendron adstringens flowering. Two treatments were used: in treatment one, colonies received pollen substitute weekly (a blend of a soy flour, maize flour and wheat flour of equal proportions). The hives of treatment 2 didn´t receive the replacement of pollen substitute, receiving only the pollen found in nature. The hives which were fed with the pollen substitute had significant difference of 93.5 percent of brood survival viability when compared to non-fed which had 80.4 percent of survival. The frequency of pollen S. adstringens in pollen traps, in treatment 1, was of 0.21. However, in treatment 2, the frequency was of 4.38, indicating that the hives that were not fed with the substitute showed a higher frequency of pollen of this plant when compared with those who had the artificial diet. The results suggest that supplying with pollen substitute, before and during Stryphnodendron adstringens flowering, is important in reducing the effects of Brazilian sac brood disease.

13.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Fonoaudiol ; 16(1): 73-79, 2011. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-580417

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Verificar a oferta de seio materno em bebês nascidos pré-termos, internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital e Maternidade Neomater, relacionando este dado com a forma de oferecer a dieta (copo ou mamadeira), na ausência da mãe, e a estimulação fonoaudiológica realizada. MÉTODOS: Participaram 48 recém-nascidos prematuros, com idade gestacional inferior ou igual a 36 6/7 semanas, com peso <2500 gramas e padrão respiratório estável. Os recém-nascidos foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo A (35 recém-nascidos) com dieta por mamadeira e grupo B (13 recém-nascidos) com dieta por copo. O acompanhamento fonoaudiológico foi organizado em Fase 1 (sucção não-nutritiva em dedo enluvado ou mama vazia concomitante a dieta por sonda); Fase 2 (oferta de dieta via oral - seio materno, copo ou mamadeira - com necessidade de complemento por sonda); Fase 3 (oferta de dieta via oral exclusiva, em seio materno, copo ou mamadeira); Fase 4 (oferta de seio materno efetivo). Foi realizado comparativo entre os grupos quanto ao número de dias que permaneceu em cada fase. Os dados foram tratados estatisticamente com o teste t-independente, com nível de significância de 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos para nenhum dos parâmetros estudados. Houve igual aceitação do seio materno pelos recém-nascidos, tanto no grupo copo como no grupo mamadeira. CONCLUSÃO: O aleitamento materno pode ser igualmente aceito, independentemente da forma de oferta da dieta (copo ou mamadeira), desde que haja o adequado acompanhamento fonoaudiológico e o incentivo ao aleitamento materno em idade precoce.


PURPOSE: To assess the offer of the maternal breast in preterm babies hospitalized at the Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital and Maternity Neomater, linking this datum with the manner to feed them (cup or bottle) in the absence of the mother, and the speech-language stimulation carried out. METHODS: Forty-eight newborn preterm infants with gestational age less than or equal to 36 6/7 weeks, weighting <2500 grams and with stable respiratory pattern participated in this study. The newborns were divided into two groups: group A (35 newborns) with bottle feeding, and group B (13 newborns) with cup feeding. Speech-Language Pathology monitoring was organized in Stage 1 (non-nutritive sucking in gloved finger or empty breast concomitant with enteral feeding); Stage 2 (oral feeding offer - maternal breast, bottle or cup - with complement provided by enteral feeding); Stage 3 (exclusive oral feeding offer - maternal breast, bottle or cup); Stage 4 (effective breastfeeding offer). A comparison was carried out between the groups regarding the number of days in each phase. Data were statistically analyzed using the independent t-test, with significance level of 5 percent. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the groups for any of the studied parameters. Breast feeding was equally accepted by newborns in the cup and the bottle groups. CONCLUSION: Breast feeding can be equally accepted, regardless the alternative feeding form used (cup or bottle), provided that there is adequate Speech-Language Pathology monitoring and encouragement to breastfeeding at an early age.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Bottle Feeding , Breast Feeding , Diet , Feeding Methods , Infant, Premature , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Nursing Bottles
14.
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ; : 117-120, 2001.
Article in Japanese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-361563

ABSTRACT

We examined the child-rearing environmental factors that affect the occurrence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) using a nationwide survey. Infants who died due to SIDS between January 1996 and June 1997 in Japan were identified from death certificates. Controls of the same gender, birthplace, and birth months as the corresponding SIDS were chosen from birth certificates. Interviews of both cases and controls were undergone in January and February, 1998 by public health nurses. The following child-rearing factors exhibited a significant relationship with the occurrence of SIDS: Concerning the sleeping position, the prone position was associated with increased risk compared with the supine position, with an odds ratio of 3.02 (95% c.i. 2.07~4.65). Regarding the feeding method, artificial feeding alone demonstrated a higher risk than breast feeding alone, with an odds ratio of 4.92 (95% c.i. 2.78~9.63). With regard to smoking, infants with both parents who smoked exhibited a higher risk than infants where neither parent smoked, with an odds ratio of 3.50 (95% c.i. 1.74~8.32).


Subject(s)
Sudden Infant Death , Risk , Affect
15.
Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association ; : 169-181, 1997.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-47367

ABSTRACT

In this study, I made researches of 510 mothers who breed their infants in total (256 boys & 254 girls), among which 410 in urban area and 100 in the rural area, as an object of the investigation so as to make an intensive examination and analysis of the actual state of feeding nutritive method, grasp several related factors, and finally suggest the elementary data for both campaign encouraging breast feeding and the infant feeding education. 1. Mothers showed the meaningful local differences as in an education and income level at 1% and as in a delivery type at 5%. 2. To have decided the feeding conditions according to the residences by the Kaup index distribution (P<0.05) resulted in a meaningful difference according to regions and also made us be more thoughtful of the overnutrition in the urban area than in the rural area, and it didn't showed a meaningful difference the nutritive state according to the infant feeding method thought desirable (P<0.01). 3. The feeding methods consist of breast feeding at 21.8%, artificial feeding at 48.8%, and the mixed one at 29.4%. As for the feeding method thought desirable, breast feeding was 52%. Even though they were thinking that breast feeding is better, the breast feeding case didn't go beyond 32.5% only and as for the actual feeding methods it showed a meaningful difference according to the feeding method thought desirable (P<0.01). 4. Regarding the reasons why they chose breast milk, it was 64%, the most because mother's milk contains the immune system, 63.1% for the baby's health, 52.3% because of its most because breast milk is of little quantity, 37.8% because of the mother's occupation, 14.1% because they have fed the baby artificially from the beginning and so on. Considering the reasons why they chose the mixed feeding, it was 70.7%, the most because the amount of breast milk a little, 27.3%, the next one, because of the mother's occupation and so on. 5. The respondents who answered that how to increase the number of breast feeding population depends on the reinforcement of breast feeding education for the women were 190 (37.3%), the most among all 150 persons and those who had the opinion that they should spread and actualize the temporary childcare rest (from office) system for the women who have jobs were the secondly most, 107 (21%).


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Breast Feeding , Surveys and Questionnaires , Education , Feeding Methods , Hand Strength , Immune System , Milk , Milk, Human , Mothers , Nutritional Support , Occupations , Overnutrition , Thinking
16.
Chinese Medical Ethics ; (6)1995.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-531027

ABSTRACT

The hospital have to arrange discussions about carrying out or giving up life-support treatment such as gastrostomy artificial feeding on critical ill patients with patients themselves or their family members.In this article,we expatiate on the present ethical situation,problems,value assessment,recommendations on this treatment.

17.
Acta Nutrimenta Sinica ; (6)1956.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-561602

ABSTRACT

Objective:To study the different feeding practices of Chinese infants within four months of age in 2002. Method:The method of multi-steps cluster sampling was adopted. In order to ensure the sample size sufficient additional subjects were included in this survey. Results:More than two thirds (71.6%) of infants within four months of age had been almost exclusively breastfed, 65.5% and 74.4% in urban and rural areas respectively. The average percentage of mixed feeding was 23.0% (27.0% in urban and 21.2% in rural areas); and that of artificial feeding was 5.4% (7.5% in urban and 4.4% in rural areas). The rate of breastfeeding decreased with the increase of family income. Conclusion:Although the rate of almost exclusive breastfeeding is increasing, there is still far away from the aim of 85% in 2001-2010 National Outline for Children.

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